Java、C++、C#、PHP、Python等程序对应运算符优先级
| 运算符 | 优先级 |
|---|---|
| postfix | expr++expr-- |
| unary | ++expr --expr +expr -expr ~ ! |
| multiplicative | * / % |
| additive | + - |
| shift | << >> >>> |
| relational | < > <= >= instanceof |
| equality | == != |
| bitwise AND | & |
| bitwise exclusive OR | ^ |
| bitwise inclusive OR | | |
| logical AND | && |
| logical OR | || |
| ternary | ? : |
| assignment | = += -= *= /= %= &= ^= |= <<= >>= >>>= |
| Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | :: | Scope resolution | Left-to-right |
| 2 | ++ -- | Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | |
() | Function call | ||
[] | Array subscripting | ||
. | Element selection by reference | ||
−> | Element selection through pointer | ||
| 3 | ++ -- | Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+ − | Unary plus and minus | ||
! ~ | Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type) | Type cast | ||
* | Indirection (dereference) | ||
& | Address-of | ||
sizeof | Size-of | ||
new,new[] | Dynamic memory allocation | ||
delete,delete[] | Dynamic memory deallocation | ||
| 4 | .* ->* | Pointer to member | Left-to-right |
| 5 | * / % | Multiplication, division, and remainder | |
| 6 | + − | Addition and subtraction | |
| 7 | << >> | Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
| 8 | < <= | For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
> >= | For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
| 9 | == != | For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
| 10 | & | Bitwise AND | |
| 11 | ^ | Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
| 12 | | | Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
| 13 | && | Logical AND | |
| 14 | || | Logical OR | |
| 15 | ?: | Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
| 16 | = | Direct assignment (provided by default for C++ classes) | |
+= −= | Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*= /= %= | Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<= >>= | Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&= ^= |= | Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
| 17 | throw | Throw operator (for exceptions) | |
| 18 | , | Comma | Left-to-right |
| Precedence | Operator | Description | Associativity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ++-- | Suffix/postfix increment and decrement | Left-to-right |
() | Function call | ||
[] | Array subscripting | ||
. | Structure and union member access | ||
−> | Structure and union member access through pointer | ||
(type){list} | Compound literal(C99) | ||
| 2 | ++-- | Prefix increment and decrement | Right-to-left |
+− | Unary plus and minus | ||
!~ | Logical NOT and bitwise NOT | ||
(type) | Type cast | ||
* | Indirection (dereference) | ||
& | Address-of | ||
sizeof | Size-of | ||
_Alignof | Alignment requirement(C11) | ||
| 3 | */% | Multiplication, division, and remainder | Left-to-right |
| 4 | +− | Addition and subtraction | |
| 5 | <<>> | Bitwise left shift and right shift | |
| 6 | <<= | For relational operators < and ≤ respectively | |
>>= | For relational operators > and ≥ respectively | ||
| 7 | ==!= | For relational = and ≠ respectively | |
| 8 | & | Bitwise AND | |
| 9 | ^ | Bitwise XOR (exclusive or) | |
| 10 | | | Bitwise OR (inclusive or) | |
| 11 | && | Logical AND | |
| 12 | || | Logical OR | |
| 13 | ?: | Ternary conditional | Right-to-Left |
| 14 | = | Simple assignment | |
+=−= | Assignment by sum and difference | ||
*=/=%= | Assignment by product, quotient, and remainder | ||
<<=>>= | Assignment by bitwise left shift and right shift | ||
&=^=|= | Assignment by bitwise AND, XOR, and OR | ||
| 15 | , | Comma | Left-to-right |
| 结合方向 | 运算符 | 附加信息 |
|---|---|---|
| 非结合 | clone new | clone 和 new |
| 左 | [ | array() |
| 非结合 | ++ -- | 递增／递减运算符 |
| 非结合 | ~ - (int) (float) (string) (array) (object) (bool) @ | 类型 |
| 非结合 | instanceof | 类型 |
| 右结合 | ! | 逻辑操作符 |
| 左 | * / % | 算术运算符 |
| 左 | + - . | 算术运算符 和 字符串运算符 |
| 左 | << >> | 位运算符 |
| 非结合 | < <= > >= <> | 比较运算符 |
| 非结合 | == != === !== | 比较运算符 |
| 左 | & | 位运算符 和 引用 |
| 左 | ^ | 位运算符 |
| 左 | | | 位运算符 |
| 左 | && | 逻辑运算符 |
| 左 | || | 逻辑运算符 |
| 左 | ? : | 三元运算符 |
| 右 | = += -= *= /= .= %= &= |= ^= <<= >>= | 赋值运算符 |
| 左 | and | 逻辑运算符 |
| 左 | xor | 逻辑运算符 |
| 左 | or | 逻辑运算符 |
| 左 | , | 多处用到 |
这个表给出Python的运算符优先级（从低到高）.
从最低的优先级（最松散地结合）到最高的优先级（最紧密地结合）。
这意味着在一个表达式中，Python会首先计算表中较下面的运算符，然后在计算列在表上部的运算符。
| 运算符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
lambda | Lambda表达式 |
or | 布尔“或” |
and | 布尔“与” |
not x | 布尔“非” |
in，not in | 成员测试 |
is，is not | 同一性测试 |
<，<=，>，>=，!=，== | 比较 |
| | 按位或 |
^ | 按位异或 |
& | 按位与 |
<<，>> | 移位 |
+，- | 加法与减法 |
*，/，% | 乘法、除法与取余 |
+x，-x | 正负号 |
~x | 按位翻转 |
** | 指数 |
x.attribute | 属性参考 |
x[index] | 下标 |
x[index:index] | 寻址段 |
f(arguments...) | 函数调用 |
(experession,...) | 绑定或元组显示 |
[expression,...] | 列表显示 |
{key:datum,...} | 字典显示 |
'expression,...' | 字符串转换 |